![]() In contrast, the Franciscan friar Ludovico Maria Sinistrari stated that incubi "do not obey exorcists, have no dread of exorcisms, show no reverence for holy things, at the approach of which they are not in the least overawed". The others are Confession, the Sign of the Cross or recital of the Hail Mary, moving the afflicted to another location, and by excommunication of the attacking entity, "which is perhaps the same as exorcism". In the Malleus Maleficarum, exorcism is presented one of the five ways to overcome the attacks of incubi. An incubus may pursue sexual relations with a woman to father a child, as in the legend of Merlin, which was the first popular account of demonic parentage in Western Christian literature. The half-human offspring of such a union is sometimes referred to as a cambion. These demons were originally storm demons but eventually became regarded as night demons potentially due to mistaken etymology. Ardat lili is derived from ardatu, the word for "a woman of marriagable age", while idlu lili is derived from idlu, meaning a "grown man". Two other corresponding demons appear as well: Ardat lili, who visits men by night and begets ghostly children from them, and Idlu lili, a male counterpart to Ardat lili who visits women by night and begets from them. Lilu is described as "disturbing" and "seducing" women in their sleep, while Lilitu, a female demon, is described as appearing to men in erotic dreams. One of the earliest evident mentions of a demon sharing qualities to an incubus comes from Mesopotamia on the Sumerian King List, circa 2400 BC, where the hero Gilgamesh's father is listed as Lilu. The Late Latin word incubus ("a nightmare induced by a demon") is derived from Latin incubō ("nightmare, what lies down on one whilst one sleeps") and further from incubāre ("to lie upon, to hatch"). Etymological, ancient, and religious descriptions Walter Stephens writes in his book Demon Lovers that some traditions hold that repeated sexual activity with an incubus or succubus may result in the deterioration of health, an impaired mental state, or even death. Legendary magician Merlin was said to have been fathered by an incubus. In medieval Europe, union with an incubus was supposed by some to result in the birth of witches, demons, and deformed human offspring. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.Īn incubus is a demon in male form in folklore that seeks to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women the corresponding spirit in female form is called a succubus.You should also add the template to the talk page.A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at ] see its history for attribution. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation.If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality.Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,621 articles in the main category, and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization.Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.View a machine-translated version of the French article.
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